Monday, 29 September 2025

Baking soda for powdery mildew



Germany is launching an initiative in the EU Agricultural Council to secure the use of sodium bicarbonate – the main component of baking powder – in viticulture. The substance has been successfully used against powdery mildew for years. It is considered cost-effective, readily available, and environmentally harmless. Apparently, if a product is approved for agricultural use in the EU, none of its ingredients can be approved for use on their own. Balderdash! We'll have to apply baking soda or baking powder, whichever is correct, next year. 

Germany is also seeking EU approval for the use of potassium phosphonate (or phosphate) as an alternative to copper-based fungicides. Looks like we'll have to try that, too.

Sunday, 28 September 2025

The first climate change attribution study


A first-of-its-kind study from Met Éireann and Maynooth University reveals that night-time temperatures, which made summer 2025 the warmest on record, were 40 times more likely due to human-caused climate change. The high-temperature seasonal climate change attribution study for Ireland was conducted under the umbrella of the WASITUS project and aimed to investigate the factors contributing to the record-breaking mean temperature of 16.19°C for summer 2025 (June, July, August).

What this means is that the weather pattern Ireland is seeing can be directly attributed to climate change. 

Friday, 26 September 2025

Autumn has arrived


The leaves are turning colour and falling rapidly. The light has a different tone, and ground frost paints sparkles on the grass in the mornings. We had a very calm day on Monday and managed to get out on the Bay in the Black Demon. That was a thrilling ride. The work in the garden is done for now -- the apples are picked and processed. We're still picking raspberries -- a bumper crop this year. It's been a very wet September with rainfall exceeding 180mm as of today, which is already 50 mm more than the LTA and more to come tonight. 

Hurricane Gabrielle, once a Category 4 storm, is forecast to hit the Azores as I write this. They are expecting winds of about 80 mph, enormous waves of 15-18m, and up to 5 inches of rain. It is racing at 32 mph. It's expected to continue on to Portugal rather than coming our way, thank goodness. Renovations of the house begin this week, with all windows and doors being replaced. At least our new acquisition on the Quay is ready for us to move into. 





 





Thursday, 18 September 2025

Provisionally Warmest Summer on Record for Ireland

 



Met Éireann has proclaimed:

"After the warmest spring on record, provisional data from Met Éireann’s long-term stations[1] (dating back to 1900) shows that this summer has become the warmest summer on record for Ireland, surpassing the previous record by 0.08°C."


However, when looking at the top 10 warmest summers, the progression is not linear, meaning it's not every year that becomes a little warmer. Although six of the 10 warmest years occurred in the past 20 years, so the trend is overall upwards. And in 2025, we've almost reached the 2.0°C anomaly. 

Alex clearly remembers the summer of 1976 because he had to ferry water over to the cattle on the islands. After all, it was not only hot but also dry. In those days, the islands lacked a water supply. 

Tuesday, 16 September 2025

An embarrassment of apples

Alex harvested apples this weekend. He sorted the apples into keepers and juicers, ending up with a surplus of about five bushels.  This afternoon, we made use of our new apple pulping machine. Scary thing, but amazing. A bushel of apples takes about a minute to process, and you can throw them in whole -- no more cutting them in half or more. 



We then pressed the pulp in the hydropress and got about 60 litres of juice. We mixed all the different batches in a fermentation vat, then drew off six or so litres of juice for drinking fresh and freezing. The rest will be fermented into cider. Alex had fun calculating the amount of yeast to include. 

We finally had a satisfying harvest, a good yield and the juice was phenomenally tasty -- sweet and pleasant on the palate. It's all starting to pay off. 

And the donkeys agreed. They got tastings of the residue pulp, and they were thrilled. 
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Monday, 15 September 2025

A might windy again


Gusting over 50 knots (>92 kph). We picked the right time to harvest given the extraordinary weather we've been having. As of yesterday, we've had more than 109 mm of rain, that's almost equal to the LTA in 14 days. 

Headline in Mayo News, "Mayo named rainiest, dullest and coldest county in August." Surely it couldn't have been that bad! 



Thursday, 11 September 2025

Winemaking underway

 


Today, amidst wildly changeable weather, we started the winemaking process. The Solaris grapes went into the destemmer/crusher first. Then, the must went into the hydropress for juicing. The sugar content is ideal with a Brix of 21.7 (SG 1.090). I mixed the yeast with nutrient and distilled water to wake it up. Alex poured the the yeast mixture into the juice and poured it into demijohns. We had about 6 litres of juice. 





Next, the Rondo went through the destemmer/Crusher, which worked brilliantly this time. I prepared the yeast similarly, enough for about 15 litres of must. The must went into a vat with the yeast. The Brix of the must is 20.1 (SG 1.085). We were shooting for between 20 and 24. 



I am disappointed by the yield this year. I expected much more. But the Solaris succumbed to poor set and Botrytis, while the Rondo suffered from mildew, and we discarded probably about 1/4 or more of the grapes. Interestingly, the new Rondo did not contract the downy mildew. We'll have to see what happens next year. 




Wednesday, 10 September 2025

Harvest complete


It was raining this morning when we awoke, making the remaining harvest slightly problematic. But at 10 am, just after we finished up breakfast, the sun shone brightly and we were up and away into the vineyard, raincoats ready. As we finished up around noon, the skies opened up, and minutes later, the promised gale blew in. It is now gusting over 40 knots. Harvest complete in the nick of time. 

The extremely high tides dumped seaweed on the road, which Alex delivered to the vineyard as the first load of fertiliser for the winter. It will decompose and provide slow-release nutrients to the vines. Seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, provides the following essential elements:

  • Iron
  • Magnesium
  • Amino acids
  • Calcium
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorus
  • Potassium
  • Zinc


Tuesday, 9 September 2025

Harvest day!

 


It was our first dry, sunny day in ages. We were out in the vineyard at 10:30, just after the Dvorskyi left, having removed our flyscreen to accommodate the replacement of the doors later this week. We picked Solaris first until 2:00, stopping for a quick lunch outdoors. We then continued to finish the Solaris and onto the Rondo. We didn't quite finish the Rondo, have 1.5 vines to complete in the morning. It will be drizzling in the morning, but that's okay. 

So what does our harvest look like?  We had a relatively small yield of Solaris given the number of vines and their maturity. There were two issues. The first is missing grapes on many of the bunches, the second is a mild case of Botrytis. Missing grapes on a bunch are often caused by poor pollination due to weather, or a condition called "hens and chicks", where some berries are small and undeveloped. Other reasons include pest infestations, insufficient sunlight, excessive nitrogen fertiliser, improper pruning, and nutrient deficiencies, such as magnesium deficiency. I know we have magnesium deficient soil, so we'll work on correcting that. 

The Botrytis, is a different story. Botrytis, or grey mold, is a fungal disease that affects grapes, causing yield loss and poor quality. It appears as a grey, moldy rot on infected berries and stems, but can also result in "Noble Rot" if the conditions are specific. Noble rot increases the flavour of the grape, and the grapes that were turning brown tasted amazing! It wasn't that serious and we removed some of the worst grapes, but we will see how the wine turns out this year. Our yield was certainly better than last year, with at least two bushels picked.  

The Rondo, unfortunately, was pretty seriously affected by powdery mildew, which took its toll in the last week. We had to pick out a lot of grapes that shrivelled into hard nodules. We will have about a bushel and a half of Rondo. 

Two extraordinary findings were noted: 1) two separate bird nests were spotted in the vines, and 2) the new Rondo vines produced grapes that did not have powdery mildew. We also noted that the kites were definitely protecting the vineyard. Our carefully conducted experiment (BS), in which we bagged some of the Rondo clusters and left some of them unbagged, showed that the unbagged grape clusters were still intact. Ergo, the bags are surplus to requirements from now on, yippee! Too much work. They also produced several bags with slugs, multiple bags with mosquitoes, and multiple bags with flies. Curiously, there were no bees in the vineyard, and the few wasps were on the exposed red grapes, not on the white. Empiric observation. Not valid. 

Standing by the baby Rondo with its grape cluster.

They are perfect

Baby Rondo vine yield in the first year

Solaris 

Alex picking

A bird's nest - there were lots of grapes around it. 

One of the pretty Solaris clusters


Hens and chicks

Another bird nest

Rondo yield, with 1.5 vines still to pick. 


Monday, 8 September 2025

Alcohol is good for you, the US says.



The US Federal Report on alcohol consumption has been withdrawn. Whereas the report stated that no amount of alcohol consumption is safe, the new guidelines will side with industry in that moderate consumption is better for us than no consumption. My my. The teetotaler President and his MAHA healthcare conspiracy theorist have sided with industry. Who would have guessed?


Saturday, 6 September 2025

Brix still variable

Alex had a chance to sample grapes yesterday. These are his Brix readings:

Rondo

  • 18.5
  • 16
  • 16
Solaris
  • 23
  • 21.9
  • 19
So the Solaris may be close but the Rondo can wait. 

Thursday, 4 September 2025

Monthly climate stats

 


As I already reported, Met Éireann has confirmed that May was officially the hottest May in recorded Irish history. The rainfall amount was higher than average, but not as high as it was last year. The temperature was 1.2 degrees C higher than the LTA. 

August proved more average. Rainfall was slightly higher than the LTA, temperature was somewhat higher, and soil temperatures were slightly higher than normal. Otherwise, it was uneventful. 

Monthly values for NEWPORT up to 03-sep-2025

Total rainfall in millimetres for NEWPORT

YearJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnual
2025105.0112.459.3102.888.2153.8130.0148.227.7927.4
2024125.7197.5152.5119.448.880.780.8257.544.1150.7143.3173.71574.7
2023183.291.6188.4121.148.577.9206.8139.8142.4144.7209.6293.81847.8
202298.8260.467.884.0107.0148.059.2104.197.3233.9187.5154.61602.6
LTA166.4146.6129.098.099.293.5111.6133.0131.8153.9180.9190.71634.6

Mean temperature in degrees Celsius for NEWPORT

YearJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnual
20256.07.18.911.614.014.916.516.714.412.0
20246.17.97.99.913.112.914.914.913.611.89.28.210.9
20236.68.07.69.913.317.414.915.815.211.98.77.911.4
20227.27.18.09.912.613.815.916.2n/a12.29.45.210.7
LTA6.36.47.59.512.014.215.515.513.811.18.56.710.6

Mean 10cm soil temperature for NEWPORT at 0900 UTC

YearJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnual
20255.16.08.110.915.416.317.817.5n/a12.2
20244.26.56.59.513.614.415.815.413.711.28.97.210.6
20235.26.86.69.113.718.616.316.314.711.17.66.711.1
20226.26.26.39.313.214.816.816.6n/a11.58.44.410.4
LTAn/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a

Global Solar Radiation in Joules/cm2 for NEWPORT

YearJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnual
20257308119552543044615645054546547402384683292288440
2024724812401230323968547333503664963238203314511662865864121326686
2023624510639214293727755732584734179736857293381622583264411326749
2022631110756333994055551569472464843951169n/a1598878696167319468
LTAn/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a

Potential Evapotranspiration (mm) for NEWPORT

YearJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnual
202512.922.039.570.1100.376.480.368.65.2475.3
202415.418.236.056.974.776.780.960.849.027.614.215.6526.0
202314.320.933.056.483.3100.670.164.450.126.114.214.7548.1
202213.723.047.260.677.776.080.482.0n/a27.217.29.2514.2
LTAn/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a

Evaporation (mm) for NEWPORT

YearJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnual
202517.130.555.397.0139.0107.8110.694.77.3659.3
202420.225.451.983.7104.9109.8112.688.367.837.518.420.0740.5
202318.828.247.681.6118.2137.199.589.167.835.518.419.0760.8
202217.932.466.586.8114.5109.2111.1113.2n/a37.022.011.4722.0
LTAn/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a

Degree Days Below 15.5 Degree Celsius for NEWPORT

YearJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecTotal
202529423520513282492321N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
202429322123416991894541771171912281796
202327521024617185183926531182032371681
202225623423517197633028N/A103185320N/A

Notes on the Data

Evaporation and PE data are calculated using Penman/Monteith formulae.
The ‘LTA’ (referred to within a table) is average for the climatological long-term-average (LTA) reference period 1981-2010.
Data updated daily at Mid-day.
To view the Weather Events for Public Works Contracts data, select a station first, then click the link just below the map.