Happy New Year!

 Wishing all my friends and family around the world a healthy and happy new year. Don't look back!

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Here are the monthly stats for climate to the year-end. There is a consistent trend for temperature climbing upward over the past few years. December ended with an average amount of rainfall, but temperatures were at 7.6C more than a degree higher than Long Term Average (LTA) 6.5C. At 1725 mm for the year, we had more rainfall than the LTA 1607. At 10.9C, our average temperature for the year was higher than the LTA 10.3C.

We open the New Year with a gale today. Wind gusts up to 80 knots overnight kept me awake much of the night. The whole house was shaking as it is a SWerly gale - the direction in which we are most exposed. The MSC anemometer showed gusts over 77 knots (89 mph or 143 kph). The worst is now past us but it makes for an unpleasant beginning to 2022 (which sounds very science fiction). 

MONTHLY VALUES FOR NEWPORT UP TO 31-DEC-2021

Total rainfall in millimetres for NEWPORT

Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
-999	n/a
2021	225.6	147.6	141.1	45.6	113.5	64.1	59.7	155.6	137.0	265.7	183.3	186.8	1725.6
2020	139.5	342.8	178.2	25.5	54.7	164.5	187.9	137.9	153.4	228.0	206.6	232.7	2051.7
2019	146.8	115.0	228.5	100.7	112.5	76.6	82.7	228.9	175.5	160.7	148.1	220.6	1796.6
LTA	166.7	126.5	141.2	96.8	94.7	89.7	100.9	132.5	131.5	176.0	170.4	180.2	1607.1

Mean temperature in degrees Celsius for NEWPORT

Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
-999	n/a
2021	5.0	6.7	7.9	9.0	10.4	13.3	17.5	16.4	15.2	11.9	9.3	7.6	10.9
2020	7.2	6.0	6.6	11.0	12.8	13.8	14.4	16.0	13.8	10.5	9.1	6.1	10.6
2019	6.9	8.4	7.9	10.2	11.7	13.1	16.3	15.5	13.7	10.3	7.1	7.1	10.7
LTA	6.1	6.1	7.3	9.0	11.5	13.8	15.4	15.4	13.5	10.8	8.3	6.5	10.3

Mean 10cm soil temperature for NEWPORT at 0900 UTC

Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
2022	5.6												-214748368.0
2021	3.6	5.0	6.8	8.2	10.9	14.3	17.9	16.3	15.2	11.3	8.6	6.6	10.4
2020	5.7	4.7	5.4	9.7	13.0	14.8	14.9	16.3	13.7	9.5	8.0	5.1	10.1
2019	6.1	6.1	6.8	8.9	12.2	13.8	16.7	15.7	13.5	9.4	6.2	5.6	10.1
LTA	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

Global Solar Radiation in Joules/cm2 for NEWPORT

Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
-999	n/a
2021	6620	13347	20370	45694	55690	45488	49455	40490	22413	16358	7235	3780	326940
2020	6263	10808	24545	46192	58476	43537	40215	40555	25558	18487	6319	5209	326164
2019	5378	10595	21306	37648	49884	49607	45395	37116	26460	17406	8167	4766	313728
LTA	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

Potential Evapotranspiration (mm) for NEWPORT

Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
-999	n/a
2021	7.6	22.9	30.7	62.9	76.3	70.7	87.8	67.5	38.3	25.1	14.1	14.6	518.5
2020	17.6	21.9	35.0	70.2	91.6	72.9	66.2	66.4	42.7	28.1	13.6	10.4	536.6
2019	13.4	21.5	35.4	60.4	79.0	78.2	79.5	62.9	42.8	29.2	14.8	14.3	531.4
LTA	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

Evaporation (mm) for NEWPORT

Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
-999	n/a
2021	10.9	32.1	45.4	89.9	111.2	102.0	117.2	93.5	52.1	34.7	18.6	19.1	726.7
2020	22.4	31.9	51.8	98.9	130.8	104.8	94.3	92.7	59.1	38.8	18.1	13.6	757.2
2019	17.7	29.5	52.0	87.3	111.6	112.8	109.6	88.8	59.9	39.6	18.9	17.9	745.6
LTA	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

DEGREE DAYS BELOW 15.5 DEGREE CELSIUS FOR NEWPORT

Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Total
2021	325	247	236	200	167	79	20	23	40	114	187	245	1883
2020	257	276	275	143	111	73	55	31	71	156	193	291	1935
2019	266	200	235	165	130	89	27	36	67	164	251	262	1892
2018	298	306	309	194	104	50	31	44	100	147	215	230	2027

---

Notes on the Data

Evaporation and PE data are calculated using Penman/Monteith formulae.
The ‘LTA’ (referred to within a table) is average for the climatological long-term-average (LTA) reference period 1981-2010.
Data updated daily at Mid-day.

OPEN DATA

CUMULATIVE RAINFALL GRAPHS

TEMPERATURE DEPARTURES FROM LTA

The pruning continues

Alex has done a fine job on the first 10 vines that are now 6 years old. They really grew a lot last year. You can see from the piles of cuttings how much had to be removed from the lot. 

I went out to continue pruning the Solaris vines that are now 4 years old. They grew quite a lot, too, this year. Most have reached the top of the support posts.  It's quite satisfying to cut them back. But every time I go out, it soon starts to rain and I stop, especially since Ghost complains. 

The last sunrise of 2021. Don't look back. 

 

Getting creative when labour is in short supply

When our vineyard is in full production, we will no longer be able to harvest or prune everything ourselves. We will need help. I found this article about Britain's labour shortages post-Brexit quite interesting. Particularly the bit about people getting creative about what constitutes labour. At first, they were panicking about not being able to pick the crops in time. Then they started to think outside the norms. 

I especially found the idea of inviting neighbours and friends to help in exchange for a bottle of wine here and there quite lovely. You work the fields with your pals, you teach kids about growing things and harvesting, and you give them what they want - not money but the product. I love this idea. It could be the beginning of the cooperative winery concept. 

Our neighbours are all quite keen to learn something new and experience it first hand. We'll have to give it some thought. 

The pruning of the vines has begun

 

The weather has become stable and we had a cold snap, so it was time to start pruning. We need to finish by mid-January. I started with the easy vines - the 2 yo Pinot Noir and the 3 yo Chardonnay. I finished those two before it started to rain again. 

Alex tackled the 6 yo Rondo and Solaris vines, which required much more severe pruning. He's doing a nice job, cutting back to a point that will become more productive for us next year. 

Ghost naturally had to help and Mini supervised from a distance. 

It will take a few days to finish the task, but I am not concerned about getting it done before January 22. 

One of my Christmas presents from Alex was a tool for tying up vines. It took a bit of practice to get it to work. Another present was a wildlife camera which I have wanted for some time. On this first night of using it, I managed to snag great photos of a fox. Foxy has been spotted in day time before. Tonight, I'm hoping to catch sight of a pine marten. Then I will move the camera to the vineyard to see if we can spot the badger and see what else lurks in the darkness. 

I gave Alex a gift of red Viking Irish wine made by David Dennison in Waterford. His first vintage is a blend of Rondo, Regent and Pinot Noir. Very encouraging. 

It was a somewhat festive Christmas despite the rampant spread of the Omicron variant of Covid. Everyone we know was either sick or a close contact of a confirmed case. Knock on wood, we've managed to escape so far. With our booster shot delivered two weeks ago, we should be okay through New Year's Day at least. 

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Winter Solstice

Polytunnel Christmas Tree

I am so excited. Tomorrow marks the day when days start getting longer again. The Winter Solstice on the 21st of December is always the great turning point for me. It's the shortest day of the year delivering only 7:23:41 of daylight. I go from wondering if I'll be able to make it through the winter to looking forward to the grand stretch in the day. 

This year, once again, with the Omicron variant of the coronavirus spreading around the world like wildfire, they are live streaming sunrise from Newgrange today, tomorrow and the day after but not allowing any visitors in. Today, the forecast is for dense fog on the east coast. No luck with the light. 

We've had grey greyness for days now and will have it tomorrow, too. Wednesday and Thursday we are to have heavy rain. Then nice on Christmas Eve and a gale on Christmas day. Alex and I are on duty Christmas Day at Ross House so we'd be inside all day anyway.

I will start pruning in the new year. I've been reading up on new thinking about pruning. It seems some say to do a partial pruning as normal but to leave more vine until March or after bud break to prune as that will delay bud break and avoid frost damage. It's a method that may mitigate the effects of climate change. I don't think we can afford that given our short season, especially given that the result was lower sugar content. 

For now, it's just confusion about everything in life. At least we got our tree up. And the one at Ross and the one on the raft in the inlet. Three trees in two days -- a record of sorts. Oh, and a little artificial one in the polytunnel because we happen to have three of them. 

So, Happy Christmas everyone! We'll see you again after. 

Rosnakilly Raft Tree

Our tree

Ross House Tree

EU Changes Rules for Wines

Well, well. The EU has finally relented and is allowing the introduction of resistant grapevine varieties in designated appellation regions. They realised that climate change and the use of pesticides and other toxins are colliding to cause devastation to the environment. To hell with the appellation. They are finally going to save the earth. But they don't seem to have left many native vines behind. At least I keep searching for them in ancient monastic sites and haven't found any. 

A number of hybrid varieties benefit from a higher resistance to common diseases such as downy and powdery mildew, meaning that the vineyards require little to no treatments such as chemical pesticides or organic-approved copper. That will enable the industry to become sustainable. It will also stop tractors from compacting the soil as they apply chemicals that poison the land and pollinators. 

Meanwhile, at the International Wineries Climate Action conference,  Miguel Torres of Familia Torres warned that ‘Climate change for viticulture is worse than phylloxera’. IWCA warns of a 'climate emergency' as it continues working towards its members being carbon neutral by 2050.

I haven't been able to find the EU announcement about the changes yet. Here is a scholarly article analysing the considerations: EU wine policy in the framework of the CAP: post-2020 challenges

Here is an article about hybrids.

And now, a challenge to the classification systems.